Effect of Genetic Mutations in Lung Cancer
By: Anirudh Krishnakumar, (Great Valley High School)
Summary
This project explores the role of mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a prevalent and deadly form of lung cancer. EGFR, a proto-oncogene, encodes a transmembrane receptor involved in cell growth and proliferation. Mutations in this gene lead to constant activation of its protein kinase region, causing uncontrolled cell growth and cancer progression. NSCLC accounts for a significant portion of lung cancer cases, with common symptoms like persistent cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. The study highlights the importance of EGFR mutations, particularly in exons 19 and 21, which result in continuous signal transduction and tumor growth. Targeted therapies, especially Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), have shown promise in treating EGFR-mutated NSCLC. TKIs like gefitinib and osimertinib block the mutant receptor's activity, reducing tumor progression. However, resistance to TKIs and their limited effectiveness against complex mutations remain challenges. Emerging research focuses on personalized treatments like fourth-generation TKIs and cancer vaccines. Vaccines use dendritic cells to activate immune responses against tumors, providing a specific and targeted approach.
Domains of the EFGR protein as well as the position and length of the gene.
(Figure representation created by the author:Anirudh Krishnakumar)
Impact Statement
IMPACT_STATEMENT
Report White Paper
By: Anirudh Krishnakumar. The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Elio Academy.
