Genetics and Epidemiology of Schizophrenia

Summary

The project explores the genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors contributing to schizophrenia, a chronic mental disorder affecting thought processes, emotions, and behavior. Schizophrenia typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood, with men being more affected. Symptoms are categorized into positive (e.g., hallucinations, delusions) and negative (e.g., social withdrawal, reduced emotional expression) types.Genetically, schizophrenia is linked to multiple gene mutations, including those affecting surface area (SA), cortical thickness (CT), and neurite density index (NDI) of brain regions. Research also highlights RNA editing alterations and sex-specific gene expression as contributing factors, with significant differences observed between male and female patients. Additionally, environmental factors, such as low socioeconomic status, prenatal stress, and exposure to toxins, further exacerbate susceptibility to the disorder.Treatment primarily involves antipsychotic medications, including first-generation drugs like Haloperidol and second-generation drugs like Clozapine and Risperidone, targeting dopamine and serotonin receptors. However, side effects such as Parkinsonian-like symptoms pose challenges. Research into RNA sequencing and gene expression patterns aims to uncover more precise treatments.

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Impact Statement

I am a student at St. Ignatius College Preparatory High School. My project explores the genetics and epidemiology of schizophrenia, and how it affects individuals with this condition. From researching my topic, I learned the etiology, symptoms, and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. I enjoyed going in depth into researching specific genes that contribute to developing schizophrenia, which also allowed me to learn more about the genetic components of schizophrenia and other mental disorders, leading to my understanding of cells, proteins, and disease mechanisms. My participation in this program has also helped me learn how to effectively research and find information, while also gaining the opportunity to explore an area I am passionate about. I am grateful for my Elio Academy instructors for their guidance and support throughout my research. By deepening my knowledge in the area of neuroscience and genetics, I am getting closer to my goal of pursuing a career in psychiatry.

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By: Jackelyn Lange. The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Elio Academy.

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