BioChemistry & Pharmacology

Amoxicillin and Penicillin V are antibiotics used to fight bacterial infections. They are both part of the same antibiotic family. Amoxicillin is semisynthetic, while Penicillin V is a natural penicillin with a narrower spectrum. They both work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Both of these drugs are prescribed for pneumonia, bronchitis, strep throat, ear infections, among others.

Liraglutide is used to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by helping to lower blood sugar levels. It is a GLP-1 receptor agonist and polypeptide that binds to the GLP-1 receptors of the cells in the intestine and pancreatic beta cells.

The structural acitivity differences between two common examples of protein pump inhibitors omeprazole and esomeprazole and study how these differences affect pharmacodyamics and pharmacogenetics.

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has long been used to treat infections such as UTIs, pneumonia, skin infections, and anthrax exposure. It works by interfering with bacterial DNA replication and binding to the enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to ultimately kill the bacteria.

The trajectory of precision medicine is preferred over traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Each individual's genetic makeup is unique, and designing a personalized treatment that is tailored according to the needs of the patient, remains to be the cornerstone of targeted therapy. Drugs like Imatinib are the prime examples of precision oncology.

Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used to treat RA and can also be used at higher doses for various cancers. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation with common symptoms in the joint. The research mainly focuses on the dual mechanisms of methotrexate in both its anti-inflammatory and toxic effects.

Exploring the potential for pharmacogenetic-guided personalised therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a chronic metabolic disease affecting over 1 in 9 adults worldwide. It focuses on a key challenge in type 2 diabetes treatment, that is, inter-individual variability in drug response.

Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat a number of leukemias, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease, systemic mastocytosis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. It is a small molecule kinase inhibitor that revolutionized the treatment of cancer, deemed as a 'miracle drug' due to its clinical success

Cancer cells alter their metabolism to support uncontrolled growth and proliferation. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells rely heavily on glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, a phenomenon known as the Warburg Effect. The study highlights the potential of targeting glucose metabolism as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, which means, two copies of the mutation must be present for the disease to develop. PKU can be caused by 400 different known variants in the PAH gene. The phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme performs the breakdown of the amino acid phenylalanine (phe) into tyrosine (Tyr), which is required by the body to produce stress neurotransmitters such as epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine.