Clinical Neuroscience & Neurology

Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder. When a person gets Alzheimer’s disease, the function of their brain decreases slowly. As elderly population increases, the number of people who have dementia, mainly caused by Alzheimer’s disease, is annually increasing. Although there are other causes of Alzheimer’s disease, ageing is the major cause of it; therefore, it is important to pay attention to the AD of seniors.

A psychiatric condition diagnosed in 1.5% of the global population. DID is linked with early trauma and abuse, and it causes individuals to develop multiple personalities that act as a coping mechanism to deal with traumatic memories. This research project discusses different aspects of the disorder such as the symptoms of DID, genetic vulnerabilities of DIDSpinal cord injuries (SCIs) are typically associated with life-altering paralysis.

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are typically associated with life-altering paralysis and permanent damage to sensory functions as well as autonomic functions like bladder and bowel control. Falls and car accidents are the most common causes of these injuries. Due to the limited healing potential of the spinal cord, most of the spinal injury treatments available today are only symptom-alleviating rather than restorative.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and other systemic symptoms, affecting approximately 2–8% of the population. The most commonly prescribed pharmaceutical for its treatment is pregabalin, a drug associated with harsh and sometimes dangerous side effects. Due to these concerns, there has been a growing interest in alternative treatment options.

The hippocampus is where memory processing happens. There are two reasons for these. During the HPA axis, cortisol levels are released; these levels can travel back to the hippocampus. Within the hippocampus, there are GR and MR receptors. GR receptors are activated during high cortisol levels, and MR receptors are activated during low cortisol levels.

There are complex underlying neurobiological mechanisms for memory formation, retention, and the pathological forgetting associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Memory formation involves encoding, storage, and retrieval processes facilitated by synaptic plasticity, which allows neurons to strengthen or weaken their connections based on activity. In Alzheimer's disease, this process is disrupted, leading to significant memory loss and cognitive decline.

Epilepsy is a chronic noncommunicable brain condition that affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. Its main symptom is recurrent seizures, which can be brief bursts of involuntary movement impacting a specific part of the body (partial) or the entire body (generalized). Seizure episodes occur due to excessive electrical discharges in clusters of brain cells. These discharges can originate from various brain areas.

Parkinson's Disease is the second most common neurological disorder after Alzheimers. It is estimated to affect one million people in just the United States, and $14 billion is spent annually treating it. Also , ten million people are estimated to suffer from Parkinson's Worldwide. Parkinson's is a chronic and progressive disease that persists and worsens over time.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects various regions of the brain, notably the substantia nigra, a region responsible for controlling balance and movement. The development of this disease is a result of a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors, possibly involving multiple components that contribute to its onset.

CAR T-cell therapy is an innovative form of immunotherapy that genetically modifies a patient’s T-cells to target and destroy cancer cells with high specificity, offering hope for long-term remission, particularly in hematological cancers.

We explore the progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects motor functions due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Symptoms include tremors, bradykinesia, and stiffness, with the disease often linked to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Concussions are mild traumatic brain injuries resulting from direct head trauma, such as sports injuries, falls, or automobile accidents. These injuries cause the brain to collide with the skull, leading to neurological changes that manifest as physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms. The project emphasizes the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment, including rest and gradual return to activity, to prevent further damage, such as Second Impact Syndrome (SIS).

Cerebral Palsy (CP), a neurological disorder affecting motor functions and muscle coordination, often diagnosed in infancy or early childhood. CP results from abnormal brain development or damage, with possible genetic and environmental causes.

This study is an in-depth overview of concussions, focusing on their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Concussions are mild traumatic brain injuries resulting from direct head trauma, such as sports injuries, falls, or automobile accidents. These injuries cause the brain to collide with the skull, leading to neurological changes that manifest as physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms.

We examine the effects of increased screen time on adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The shift to online learning led to a significant rise in screen time, with average usage increasing from 2.67 to 4.38 hours per day. This extended exposure has been linked to adverse cognitive and mental health outcomes, including premature brain aging, anxiety, depression, and reduced attention spans. The study highlights the development of Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) in some adolescents, which further exacerbates these issues by disrupting neural connections and brain function.

Alzheimer's is characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain, which disrupt neural communication and lead to cell death. The hippocampus, crucial for memory, is particularly affected, leading to early symptoms like memory loss and confusion.

We examine the effects of increased screen time on adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The shift to online learning led to a significant rise in screen time, with average usage increasing from 2.67 to 4.38 hours per day. This extended exposure has been linked to adverse cognitive and mental health outcomes, including premature brain aging, anxiety, depression, and reduced attention spans. The study highlights the development of Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) in some adolescents, which further exacerbates these issues by disrupting neural connections and brain function.

Profound changes occur in the brain during puberty and have immense effects on emotional regulation and social behavior. Puberty triggers significant hormonal changes, particularly with estrogen and testosterone, leading to the maturation of the prefrontal cortex and increased activity in the limbic system. This results in heightened emotions, impulsivity, and shifts in decision-making processes. The research delves into how neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin influence emotions such as happiness, anger, and sadness.

Puberty triggers significant hormonal changes, particularly with estrogen and testosterone, leading to the maturation of the prefrontal cortex and increased activity in the limbic system. This results in heightened emotions, impulsivity, and shifts in decision-making processes. The research delves into how neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin influence emotions such as happiness, anger, and sadness.