Targeting the Bacterial Cell Wall: A Look at Amoxicillin & Penicillin V

Summary

Amoxicillin and Penicillin V are antibiotics used to fight bacterial infections. They are both part of the same antibiotic family. Amoxicillin is semisynthetic, while Penicillin V is a natural penicillin with a narrower spectrum. They both work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Both of these drugs are prescribed for pneumonia, bronchitis, strep throat, ear infections, e.t.c. While they are similar in structure and purpose, there are notable differences in their origin, spectrum of activity, and how they are used in clinical settings. Although both drugs are used to treat many of the same types of infections, amoxicillin is generally preferred when a broader range of bacterial coverage is needed or when the infection is more widespread. Penicillin V is typically chosen when the specific bacteria are known to be susceptible to it, especially in cases where targeted treatment is preferred.

Some bacteria produce enzymes called beta-lactamases that break down the beta-lactam ring, which is a crucial part of the chemical structures of the antibiotics, making the antibiotic ineffective. As a result, infections caused by bacteria that produce these enzymes are more difficult to treat. When Amoxicillin is combined with Clavulanic Acid, it overcomes this resistance. Clavulanic acid binds to the beta-lactamase enzymes and neutralizes them, preventing them from breaking down the antibiotic. However, it is crucial to use these antibiotics wisely and only when prescribed by a healthcare professional. The overuse and misuse of both of these drugs can cause increase resistance.

Diagrams of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cell wall

Impact Statement

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My name is Lavanya Srinivasarangan, and I am a student at Bridgewater-Raritan Regional High School in New Jersey. I applied to the Elio Academy of Biomedical Sciences hoping to gain a better understanding of the fields of biochemistry and pharmacology. Throughout the program, I learned key concepts that gave me a clearer view of what these areas of science involve. Each session sparked my curiosity even more and deepened my interest in the subject. In addition to building my scientific knowledge, the program helped me improve important academic skills. I became more confident in reading and analyzing scientific literature, organizing research findings, and explaining complex ideas clearly. I feel that this program not only taught me valuable information but also helped prepare me to pursue my future career goals. It gave me real-world skills that I know will be useful in college and beyond.

Student Reflection

By: Lavanya Srinivasarangan. The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Elio Academy.

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